DIY 1420 MHz Radio Telescope
洪子宸
王廷睿、鄭丞竣
國立中正大學
a0981899702@gmail.com
「領域：2025大學生創意物理實作競賽」
「對象：高中」
「對象：大一」
「對象：大二以上」
「類型一：教具」
「類型二：實驗-學生成果」
「對象：高中」
「對象：大一」
「對象：大二以上」
「類型一：教具」
「類型二：實驗-學生成果」
摘要內容
Hydrogen atoms in the universe produce characteristic electromagnetic waves at a frequency of 1420 MHz, which are called hydrogen lines. They are an
important basis for astronomers to observe the structure of the Milky Way and interstellar matter. In recent years, with the popularity of tools such as SDR and Arduino, we can also make low-cost radio telescopes by ourselves. We use Arduino to control two stepper motors to control the horizontal and vertical
rotation of the telescope. The horizontal direction is controlled by Pei Ling and a pulley, while the vertical direction is connected to the motor by 3D printing and a
coupling. Finally, MATLAB is used to complete the final calculation.
Principle
To observe the relative distance between stars and me, we used the 1420 MHz hydrogen line observation principle. It originates from the spin flip transition
between electrons and protons inside neutral hydrogen atoms (HI). This transition will cause energy level splitting. When the electron and proton spins are parallel
(↑↑), they are in a high energy state, and when the spins are antiparallel (↑↓), they are in a low energy state (ground state). When the high-energy hydrogen atom
transitions back to the low-energy state, it releases electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of 21 cm (corresponding to a frequency of 1420 MHz). The average
lifetime is about 10 million years, so we can observe its emission spectrum and calculate the Doppler effect.
課程內容
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